IDC402 Non Linear Dynamics

2022-01-11

Alternate way of viewing: Bernoulli Shift.

$x_n = 0.{a_i}$

Where ${a_i}$ is the binary expansion.

Then, $x_{n+1} = (x_n « 1)$ and then set first digit to 0.

Hence, after m steps, $x_m$ is in leading order. Hence, any error in order $2^m$ becomes of leading order in $m$ steps

Periodic Orbit of the Map

Order $p$ cycle if ${x_0,\dots,x_{p-1}}$ is an orbit.

Period 1

Also called fixed point.

\[F(x) = x\]

First one is $0$

Second one is $2-2x = x \implies x = 2/3$

Period 2

\[F^2(x) = x\]

Again, plotting $F^2$,

Which has 4 solutions.

2 of these are trivial, which are in the 1 orbit anyway, ${0, \frac{2}{3}}$

The new ones are $x ={\frac{2}{5}, \frac{4}{5}}$

Hence all solutions are

\[x = \left\{0, \frac{2}{3}, \frac{2}{5}, \frac{4}{5}\right\}\]

Periods of Shift Map

Period 1

\[x_{n+1} = x_n\]

$x = {0.\bar{0}, 0.\bar 1}$

Period 2

\[x_{n+2} = x_{n}\]

$x = {0.\overline{01}, 0.\overline{10}}$

Period P

$x = {0.\overline{\text{any sequence of P digits}}}$

Hence, there are $2^P$ distinct sequences hence so many $x_0$ which have period $P$.